Syllabus for
Bachelor of Architecture
Academic Year  (2023)

The Bachelor's Degree Program in Architecture, affiliated to the CHRIST Deemed to be University, is a five-year program approved by the Council of Architecture New Delhi. The Programme has two components, Studio, and Theory. The theory encompasses the current theoretical positions on Architecture, understanding historical precedents of the built environment in India and across the world, Building Sciences and Technology. Studio courses address the issues of methods in the documentation, analysis, and interpretations and design process of physical environments. The studio cycle is aimed at developing design language, tools, and skills to design sustainable built environments. The programme entails Practical training of one semester with a registered practicing architect. The Programme thus intends to render a holistic understanding of Architecture. The Board of Studies members include acclaimed academicians and leading architects; Prof. Durganand Balsavar, Principal Architect - Artes ROOTS, Dean Saveetha College of Architecture – Chennai; and Ar Bijoy Ramchandran, Principal Architect Hundred Hands, Bangalore.

A. ADMISSION Admission to the Bachelor of Architecture to all the candidates who have passed the Qualifying Examination of an examination with 50% aggregate marks at the end of the 10+2 scheme of examination of Central/State Govts with 50% aggregate marks in Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics or passed 10+3 Diploma Examination with 50% aggregate marks with mathematics as compulsory subject. And have passed the Aptitude Test with a qualified NATA score for the aptitude test conducted by the Council of Architecture. The norms for the admission to B Arch may consider the periodic changes as announced by the Council of Architecture. B. DURATION The Architecture course shall be of minimum duration of 5 years or 10 semesters of approximately 16 working weeks each inclusive of six months or one semester of approximately 16 working weeks of Practical training in semester IX in a professional office under a COA Registered Architect, complying to the Council of Architecture Gazetted Rules 2020.

The B. Arch program is planned in 3 parts - a Foundation program, a Core program and a Focus program. The Foundation program is set in the first and second semesters. It is more exploratory and orients the student with the relationship of architecture with our natural, cultural and scientific environment. The Core program is set in the third to sixth semesters and completes the basic knowledge, skill and exposure to the discipline of architecture. The Focus program set in the seventh to tenth semesters engages the students with the more focused understanding of architecture - as practice and research. It also takes the student through more mature and complex works that are focused on individual and collaborative learning. The syllabus is tailored to address this 3-part structure. At the end of the program the syllabus has to help nurture ethical professionals, creative designers and informed citizen. 

Programme Outcome/Programme Learning Goals/Programme Learning Outcome:

PO-2: Able to integrate critical thinking skills to recognise and assess existing environment in the service of the discipline of architecture.

PO-3: Able to creatively apply sound knowledge in design theories and their applications, building technology, social, cultural and environmental factors.

PO-4: Able to demonstrate and extend the interdisciplinary knowledge and use tools that enable it.

PO-5: Skilled practice: At the end of the programme, the student will be Able to practice the inculcated skills creatively for the physical, social and creative realms of crafting architecture.

PO-6: Able to recognize and act upon opportunities and aspirations.

PO-7: Able to demonstrate creative problem-solving skills with the skills learnt, working with varied materials and media.

PO-8: Able to use the acquired skills to demonstrate design concepts and solutions, and adopt effective communication of those ideas to peers, clients, decision makers, and the public.

PO-9: Sensitivity: At the end of the programme, the student will be Able to work effectively in multi-disciplinary teams within the field of human habitat demonstrating social and environmental responsibility.

PO-10: Able to demonstrate engagement in community outreach programs and to apply the assimilated knowledge in built environment related disciplines that are relevant to ethical practice in architecture.

Programme Specific Outcome:

PSO-2: Cognitive: At the end of the programme, the student will have a: the ability to use appropriate technology for designing the built environment, and to think critically and assess existing environments. b. the student will have the ability to assume professional roles in architecture by offering sound knowledge in design theories and applications, building technology, social, cultural and environmental factors, and the application of information technology and interdisciplinary knowledge.

PSO-3: Psychomotor: At the end of the programme, the student will have a: the ability to demonstrate creative problem-solving skills while working with varied materials and mediums b. the ability to communicate effectively the design concepts and solutions necessary for the built environment

Programme Educational Objective:

PEO-2: To offer learning that encourages a collaborative and interdisciplinary approach and bridges the gap between academics and practice.

PEO-3: To provide an education that makes students understand the roles and responsibilities to effectively find informed solutions through design, advocacy, and activism.

The B Arch Programme offers theory and studio courses. The theory courses conduct periodical Continuous Internal Assessments (CIA) which includes tests, assignments, and attendance to evaluate the students' progress. Each course would culminate with an End Semester Examination (ESE) conducted centrally by the University. The Studio courses are continuously evaluated through reviews, assignments, and time problems, which accumulate as CIA marks. The ESE will be conducted through Viva-voce reviewed and marked by an external examiner.

Course Description:

This course is designed to introduce students to the relationships between humans and nature in the context of architectural history. Students will explore how different cultures throughout history have viewed, used, and interacted with the natural world in the design and construction of their buildings.

Course objectives:

● To introduce perspectives on the built environment and distinguish between myth and history.

● To Understand and articulate the various ways in which humans have interacted with nature throughout history, and how these interactions have influenced the design and

construction of buildings.

● Through the Studio-On-Wheels exploration, critically analyze the role of architecture in shaping our relationship with the natural world.

Course overview of different historical approaches to building design and construction.

● Myth and history and their relationship to architecture and the built environment.

● Natural elements as a beginning of source, resource, ritual, society, culture, tradition & civilization and their progressive development through different ages with relevant examples.

● Introduction to art and craft through history.

● Exploring art as an important part of architectural culture - as a form of representation, critique, and symbolism through diverse examples and illustrations.

● Overview of prehistoric and ancient architectural practices.

● Tribal art, craft, and architecture - local, regional, and global.

● The evolution of traditional building techniques, forms, and structures.

● Exploration of the relationship between nature and architecture in ancient civilizations.

● The role of climate, materials, and geography in shaping building design.

● Exploration of the role of indigenous cultures in shaping the relationship between humans and nature in architecture.

● Analyse case studies of indigenous buildings and building practices.

T2. Ching, F., Jarzombek, M., & Prakash, V. (2017). A global history of architecture (3rd ed.). Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley.

R2. Diane Ghirardo. (1990). Architecture after Modernism, Thames & Hudson, London.

R3. Richard Harris. (1978). Discovering Timber-framed Buildings, Bloomsbury, USA.

R4. René Kolkman and Stuart H. Blackburn (2014). Tribal Architecture in Northeast India.

R5. Palladio, A. (1965). The four books of Architecture (Vol. 1). Courier Corporation

R6. Millon, H. A. (1972). Rudolf Wittkower," Architectural Principles in the Age of Humanism": Its Influence on the Development and Interpretation of Modern Architecture. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, 31(2), 83-91.

R7. Saint, A. (2007). Architect and engineer: A study in sibling rivalry (p. 141). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

END SEMESTER EXAMINATION (ESE): 50%

Eligibility to appear for ESE is a score of a minimum of 50% in CIA.

The course shall have a written exam of three-hour duration.

PASS CRITERIA

A student shall pass the course only on a minimum aggregate score (CIA+ESE) of 45% and a minimum CIA Score of 50% and an ESE score of 40%.

Course intends to impart the basic understanding of behaviour of structures. 

1. Structure in Nature: Reading Structure in Natural Forms - Plants, Animals, Insects etc.

2. Structure of Everyday objects: Baskets, Furniture, Ladder, spectacles, bags etc.

3. Evolution of Structures: What makes buildings stand up. Understanding Gravity. Historical perspective and definition of structure.

4. Structural systems overview: Geometry of forces. Introduction to loads. vertical/lateral systems

1. Experiment with structures

2. Structural Materials: Mechanical properties of structural materials 12 26

3. Loads on structures: dead load (DL), live load (LL), static, dynamic, impact and thermal loads. 

1. Differentiate broadly the structural systems as mass, frame and surface systems.

2. States of Stress: Knowledge of basic states of stress, tension, compression, bending, shear, and torsion shall be imparted.

3. Understanding stress and its relevance with material and shaping of elements and structures.

1. Phenomenon of buckling and its importance in compression members shall be explained with Euler’s equation. 2. Principle of transmissibility of forces: Understanding load flow. 3. Stress/strain relations (Hooke's Law): Modulus of Elasticity. 

Basic requirements of Structures: Strength, Stability, Serviceability, Functionality, Durability, Economy, and Efficiency

Aesthetics shall be explained in detail with reference to structural design and Architectural considerations. 

T2. Salvadori, M., & Heller, R. (1985). Structure in Architecture: The Building of Buildings. Prentice Hall; 3rd Revised edition.

T3. Salvadori, M., Hooker, S., & Ragus, C. (1980). Why buildings stand up: The strength of architecture. New York: Norton

R2. Schodek, D., & Bechthold, M. (2013). Structures. Pearson; 7th Edition.

R3. Singer, F. (1975). Engineering Mechanics. Weatherhill: Harper & Row, 3rd Edition. 

CONTINUOUS INTERNAL ASSESSMENT (CIA): 50%

• CIA 1 and 3 for this course shall be conducted by the respective faculty in the form of different types of assignments. Students need to complete the assignments within the stipulated time for the award of marks.
• CIA 2 for the course shall be conducted in the form of the Mid Semester Examination.
• A minimum of 50% in the CIA is required to appear for the End Semester Examination (ESE) of the course
• CIA -1- 10 Marks; CIA -2 - 15 Marks; CIA -3 - 20 Marks; Attendance- 05 Marks; Total - 50 Marks 

END SEMESTER EXAMINATION (ESE): 50%

• Eligibility to appear for ESE is a score of a minimum of 50% in CIA.
• The course shall have a written exam of three-hour duration.
• Total ESE- 50 Marks

PASS CRITERIA

A student shall pass the course only on a minimum aggregate score (CIA+ESE) of 45% and a minimum CIA Score of 50% and an ESE score of 40%.

Course objectives:

● The aim of the foundation year studio is to develop a three-fold understanding of design, through (1) Representation skills, (2) Material Understanding, (3) Design Sensitisation.

● This studio introduces basic skills that are a prerequisite to architectural design. Representation skills include drafting, drawing, visual interpretation, written and other forms of verbal communication.

● Material Module is an introduction to materials and their hands-on work in built form and Design The sensitization module informs the student about their immediate cultural and ecological surrounding, and design principles that are used in architectural design.

● The three modules may be conducted parallel or subsequent.

● An introduction to the need, types, and tools of representation in architectural design.

● An introduction to basic manual/digital drafting, including lettering, line drawing, composition, surface development, volumetric development, scale, proportion, pattern, and the nomenclature of architectural drawings, such as material representation, line weights, perspective drawings, rendering, etc.

● Documentation of their immediate surroundings, including objects, built form, and space.

● Introduction to local arts, crafts,s, and materials. Also an introduction to the material used in architectural productions.

● Understanding different materials and their structural and tectonic qualities.

● Workshop on one or more specific materials, as an elaborate exercise the workability.

Suggestive examples (but not limited to) are wood, metal, clay, stone, etc.

Translating design principles like scale, proportion, and pattern into basic objects, or structural form, while integrating material properties.

Suggestive outputs could include (but are not limited to) art installations, craft objects, sculpture design that has an emphasis on structural understanding, space frame, etc.

The design output should consider the cultural context of its use.

● Understanding the drawing nomenclature in the form of plans, elevations, sections, and simple axonometric and isometric views.

● Apply material details, and tectonic details to a small design project.

Portfolio development - To organize all work done in the semester. To compile a comprehensive portfolio for the subject. Establish connections with other subjects where possible. The portfolio would consist of relevant technical drawings, orthographic drawings, physical models, sketches, etc.

T2. Chakrabarti, D. (1997). Indian Anthropometric Dimensions: For Ergonomic Design Practice. National Institute of Design.

T3. The American Institute of Architects. (2016). Architectural Graphic Standards (Ramsey/Sleeper Architectural Graphic Standards Series) (12th Revised ed.). John Wiley & Sons

T4: Pandya, Y. (2015). Elements of Space making. Ahmedabad: Mapin Publishing Pvt Ltd.

T5: Callender, J. (1997). Time-saver Standards for Architectural Design Data (7th Revised edition editioned.). McGraw-Hill Inc., US.

1. Learning about the properties and characteristics, methods of preservation and treatment of indigenous materials in a natural landscape and moving from a specific context to the generic.
2. To learn about the techniques of using natural materials in the local context and document them in an integrated studio with all core courses.

1. Touching, seeing & learning the way material has been woven in the Nature.
2. Exploration of Anthropometry.
3. Learning from everyday objects - materials and their use. 

1. Exploring concepts of strength, hardness, flexibility, malleability & brittleness of different materials used in building construction.
2. Introduction to mud, bamboo, brick, stone, concrete, steel and glass.
3. Technical drawing skill development to contribute towards Portfolio development

1. Understand the position of materials detailed in Unit II in the context of building construction.
2. Introduction to Masonry –Wall as a Plane, Space maker & Divider. 

1. Understand the tectonic details in stone, wood and masonry
2. Understand the joinery when different materials collide. 

1. Master classes emphasise different aspects of the material.
2. Portfolio development - To organise and review all works done in the semester. To compile a comprehensive portfolio for the subject.
3. Establish connections and integrate with other subjects of relevance.
4. (Suggested: Workshops to provide technical making skill development and understanding of the material and properties) 

T2. Mckay, W. B. (2016). Building Construction Metric (Vol - 1.). Noida: Pearson.

T3. Deplazes, A. (2005). Constructing Architecture Materials Processes Structures A Handbook. Basel, Switzerland: Birkhäuser Publishers for Architecture.

R2. Semper, G., Mallgrave, H. F., Robinson, M., & Getty Research Institute. (2004). Style in the technical and tectonic arts, or, Practical aesthetics. Los Angeles: Getty Research Institute.

R3. Frampton, K., & Cava, J. (1995). Studies in tectonic culture: The poetics of construction in nineteenth and twentieth century architecture. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

R4. Spence R. F. and Cook D.J.( 1983)Building Materials in Developing Countries, John Wiley and sons.

R5. Minke, G., & Mahlke, F. (2005). Building with straw: Design and technology of a sustainable architecture. Basel; Boston: Birkhäuser.

Online Resources :

W1. Swayam - https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc20_ar04/preview

W2. Ergonomics in Design - https://www.edx.org

CONTINUOUS INTERNAL ASSESSMENT (CIA): 50%

Continuous Internal Assessment for this course  shall be conducted by the respective faculty in the form of different types of assignments. Students need to complete the assignments within the stipulated time for the award of marks.
A minimum of 50% in the CIA is required to appear for the End Semester Examination (ESE) of the course
Total CIA - 50 Marks

END SEMESTER EXAMINATION (ESE): 50%

Eligibility to appear for ESE is a score of a minimum of 50% in the CIA.
The course shall have a Viva Voce evaluated by an external examiner and internal examiner of the portfolio presentation.
Total ESE - 50 Marks

PASS CRITERIA

A student shall pass the course only on a minimum aggregate score (CIA+ESE) of 45% and a minimum CIA Score of 50% and an ESE score of 40%

Course Description: This course will explore the evolution of architectural frames and their construction through traditional practices in history. Students will learn about the materials and techniques used in the construction of frames, such as timber, stone, and brick. The course will examine the social, cultural, and technological factors that influenced the development of frames and explore the role of frames in creating architectural form.

Course objectives: ● Understand the historical development of architectural frames and their construction. ● Analyse the role of frames in architectural form and space. ● Understand the social, cultural, and technological factors that influenced the development of frames. ● Develop an understanding of the materials and techniques used in the construction of frames. ● Develop critical thinking and analytical skills through the study of architectural frames in history. 

● Overview of the fundamental aspects of craft and its influence on society, culture, and architecture.

● Definition and traditional significance of architectural frames in society and culture.

● Study of traditional practices in the construction of frames.

● Analysis of prehistoric frames and their construction techniques

● Study of early megalithic structures and their use of stone frames

● Examination of the role of frames in prehistoric architecture

● Overview of the role of frames in temple and tomb architecture in the African and Asian continents.

● Study of the use of timber frames in ancient Egyptian and Mesopotamian architecture.

● Analysis of the construction techniques used in ancient Indian, Chinese and Japanese architecture.

● Study of the use of stone and wooden frames in classical Greek and Roman architecture

● Examination of the role of frames in monumental architecture

● Analysis of the construction techniques used in classical Greek and Roman architecture.

● Study of the use of timber and stone frames in Mediaeval architecture

● Examination of the role of frames in the cathedral and castle architecture

● Analysis of the construction techniques used in Mediaeval architecture.

T1. Ingersoll, R. And Kostof, S. (2013). World architecture: a cross-cultural history. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

T2. Ching, F., Jarzombek, M., & Prakash, V. (2011). A global history of architecture (2nd ed.). Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley.

R2. Ghirardo, D. (1990) Architecture after Modernism, London: Thames & Hudson.

R3. Harris, R. (1978) Discovering Timber-framed Buildings, USA: Bloomsbury.

R4. Kolkman, R. & Blackburn, S. H. (2014) Tribal Architecture in Northeast India.

Online Resources:

W1. The architectural imagination https://www.edx.org/course/the-architecturalimagination?index=product&queryID=a2fcbed41eaa2104867775b725595d3b&position=16

W2. History of Chinese Architecture https://www.edx.org/course/history-of-chinese-architecture2?index=product&queryID=0c64d2f86838876e00c48688d19f7147&position=1 

Reinforcing the conceptual understanding of structures by using an abstract method of analysis of frame structures

• Definition of centroid and moment of inertia and its application.
• Determining the centroid of simple shapes (rectangle, triangle, circle, semi circle and quarter circle).
• Determining Moment of Inertia of simple shapes (rectangle, triangle, circle, semi circle and quarter circle).
• Numerical on centroid and moment of inertia

• Hinged, Fixed, Pinned and Rigid.
• Its relevance in shaping members.Resolution of forces, equilibrium of force systems.
• Classification of frame structure based on section active (system in bending) and vector active (triangulation).
• Supports used in beams and trusses: Hinged, Fixed, Pinned and Rigid.
• Support reactions of beam
• Concept of triangulation and its application in jointed frameworks.
• Materials and their appropriateness to take a bending moment and shear stress.

• Bending Moment and shear force diagram and its relevance in shaping of members.
• Deflection and its importance, codal provisions, study of deflected shapes and simple structures.

Concept of deflection in simply supported and cantilever beams with uniformly distributed loads.

Model making

• Arch as a curved element in a system.
• Determining the reaction and bending moment in three hinged arches.
• Differences between two hinged and three hinged arches
• Introduction to cable structures

T2. Prasad, I. (2002). A Textbook of Applied Mechanics: Dynamics & Statics. Khanna Publishers

T3. Salvadori, M., Hooker, S., & Ragus, C. (1990). Why buildings stand up: The strength of architecture. New York: Norton.

T4. Salvadori, M., & Heller, R. (1985). Structure in Architecture: The Building of Buildings. Prentice Hall; 3rd Revised edition.

R2. Schodek, D., & Bechthold, M. (2013). Structures. Pearson; 7th Edition.

Online Resources :

W1. Japanese Architecture and Structural Design - https://www.edx.org/course/japanese-architecture-and-structural-design?index=product&queryID=0d3565aefb06b568e90ae3b515125ee4&position=2

• The assessment pattern comprises of two components; the Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA) and the End Semester Examination (ESE). The weightage of marks of CIA marks and ESE marks have a ratio of 50:50.

CONTINUOUS INTERNAL ASSESSMENT (CIA): 50%

• CIA 1 and 3 for this course shall be conducted by the respective faculty in the form of different types of assignments. Students need to complete the assignments within the stipulated time for the award of marks.
• CIA 2 for the course shall be conducted in the form of the Mid Semester Examination.
• A minimum of 50% in the CIA is required to appear for the End Semester Examination (ESE) of the course.
• CIA -1- 10 Marks; CIA -2 - 15 Marks; CIA -3 - 20 Marks; Attendance- 05 Marks; Total - 50 Marks 

END SEMESTER EXAMINATION (ESE): 50%

• Eligibility to appear for ESE is a score of a minimum of 50% in CIA.
• The course shall have a written exam of three-hour duration.
• Total ESE- 50 Marks 

PASS CRITERIA

• A student shall pass the course only on a minimum aggregate score (CIA+ESE) of 45% and a minimum CIA Score of 50% and an ESE score of 40%.

Course objectives: ● The aim of Studio 2 is to develop a three fold understanding of design, through (1) Representation skills, (2) Material Understanding, (3) Design Sensitisation, which is advanced from Studio 1. ● This studio advances the skills needed for basic architectural design. Architectural elements would be understood through documentation of framed structures. ● The course would focus on the immediate environment through documentation and design exercises while introducing the various ways of reading and documenting a site and its context. ● The course would introduce basics of topography and natural landscape that influence architectural design.

● The unit would introduce the concept of Framed Architecture within the Studio-on-Wheels program and students would travel to and document a habitat in a cultural setting or document their immediate surroundings to understand the elements of architecture. ● The exercises in this module would be planned so that there is a demonstration of the concept of frame in nature, built spaces or everyday objects and the students would represent them in graphic formats with advanced representation skills. Use of CAD softwares, other representation softwares is learnt through these exercises. 

● Understanding different material and its structural and tectonic qualities (Ideally a material which may not have been explored in detail in Semester 1 may be chosen.) would be undertaken. ● Workshop on one or more specific material, as an elaborate exercise the workability would be undertaken. Suggestive examples for the same are (but not limited to) wood, metal, clay, stone etc. Ideally a material which may not have been explored in detailed in Semester 1 may be chosen ● Introduction to Survey, principles of Surveying, definition of a Contour, and learn how to read a survey drawing. Introduction to topography within and around the site in context and its influence in the creation of the built environment. 

● An introduction to mapping as a way of reading and representing the site and exploring different ways of mapping, sensorial and embodied would be done. ● Design of a Pavilion consisting of simple functions, exploring the architecture of the Frame would be done by the students. ● Understanding the logic of materials, specifically while designing the pavilion e.g. wood, metal etc. Understanding sciography and rendering through architectural drawings of the Pavilion.

 An introduction to specific advanced architectural drawing nomenclature. ● Detailing of a small design project with emphasis on tectonics, materiality and basic design principles. 

Portfolio development - To organise and review all works done in the semester. The students would compile a comprehensive portfolio for the subject and establish connections with other subjects where possible. The portfolio would contain models, created while learning about material. The students would be encouraged to take up the design project of this semester of the Framed Structure and develop a scale model as the final project. The portfolio should also contain architectural drawings, isometric, axonometric and perspective projections of the design project with proper nomenclature.

T2. Callender, J. (1997). Time-saver Standards for Architectural Design Data (7th Revised edition edition ed.). McGraw-Hill Inc.,US.

T3. Gill Robet W. (2003). Rendering With Pen +ink. London: Thames And Hudson. 

R2. Rapoport, A (1969). House Form and Culture. Prentice-Hall, Inc. Englewood Cliffs, NJ USA Pearson

R3. Clark, R. H., & Pause, M. (2012). Precedents in architecture: Analytic diagrams, formative ideas, and partis (4th ed.). Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons.

R4. Rasmussen, S. E. (1959). Experiencing Architecture. Cambridge: The MIT Press.

R5. Carter, R. (2012). On and By Frank Lloyd Wright: A Primer of Architectural Principles. Phaidon Press.

R6. Curtis, W. (1994). Le Corbusier: Ideas and Forms. Phaidon Press; Revised ed. edition.

R7. Mertins, D., & Lambert, P. (2014). Mies. New York: Phaidon.

W1. MOOC Courses: Nptel, Swayam, edx, coursera. 

Course objectives:

1. To introduce the idea of architecture as a craft-based practice by exploring framed structures through experiential learning.

2. To learn about materials and strategies that are conducive to framed construction. 

● Exploring a specific craft and craftsmanship through Studio-On-Wheels and understanding particular techniques, material and aesthetical elements.

● Introducing the idea of framework from parts to whole, from source to resource.

● Systems and production in bamboo and wood. Construction of Doors and Windows assemblies, Staircases, etc. through drawings and model making.

● Literature review of traditional timber construction.

● Steel - Introduction to steel, its properties and various forms in the construction industry, its sizes. Examples of steel structures in different forms, its possibilities and limitations. and examine the way these are used in various examples.

● Reinforced Cement Concrete- Introduction to the concrete as a building material. 

● Specialised applications of Steel, Concrete and RCC- staircases, Tanks, Roofing material, etc.

● Master classes should emphasise on bamboo, wood, steel & RCC 

 Portfolio development - To organise and review all works done in the semester. To compile a comprehensive portfolio for the subject. ● Establish connections with other subjects where possible. 

T2. Mckay, W. B. (2016). Building Construction Metric (Vol - 1.). Noida: Pearson.

T3. Deplazes, A. (2005). Constructing Architecture Materials Processes Structures A Handbook. Basel, Switzerland: Birkhäuser Publishers for Architecture.

T4. Lyons, A. (1997). Materials for Architects and Builders. An Introduction Arnold, London.

T5. Deplazes, A. (2005). Constructing Architecture Materials Processes Structures A Handbook. Basel, Switzerland: Birkhäuser Publishers for Architecture.

T6. Preston, H. K. (1964). Prestressed concrete for Architects and Engineers. New York: McGraw Hill. 

R2. Sinha,S. N(2002). Reinforced Concrete Design. New Delhi: Tata-McGraw Hill

W1. Basic construction materials https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc22_ce40/preview

Course Description: This course provides an in-depth understanding of masonry architecture with an emphasis on alternative and appropriate technologies. Students will learn about various materials and construction techniques used in masonry architecture, including rammed earth, adobe, compressed earth blocks, and other sustainable building techniques. The course will also cover the history of masonry architecture, its role in sustainable design, and current trends in the field.

1. To comprehend the evolution and growth of masonry architecture throughout history.
2. To develop knowledge of alternative and appropriate masonry technologies, including rammed earth, adobe, compressed earth blocks, and other sustainable building techniques.
3. To develop critical thinking skills to analyse and evaluate masonry architecture projects based on their sustainability, aesthetic, and functional qualities and to extend the discussions into the design studio.

1. Definition and history of masonry architecture.
2. Types of masonry structures and their uses.
3. Sustainability principles and the role of masonry architecture in sustainable design.

1. Introduction to various materials used in masonry architecture, including bricks, stones, and blocks.
2. Environmental impact of various materials and their suitability for sustainable design.
3. Emerging trends in sustainable masonry materials, including recycled and upcycled materials.

1. Focus on the art & science of architecture and the craft of masonry as a part of Studio-on-Wheels explorations.
2. Study documents and interpret historical chronicles that led to specific types of craft in masonry architecture in selected contexts.
3. Examine the culture of people and ensuing practices around masonry.

1. Introduction to traditional masonry techniques, including bricklaying and stone masonry.
2. Overview of the history and evolution of traditional masonry techniques.
3. Analysis of the advantages and limitations of traditional masonry techniques.

1. Introduction to alternative masonry techniques, including rammed earth, adobe, and compressed earth blocks.
2. Environmental impact and cost-effectiveness of alternative masonry techniques.
3. Emerging trends in alternative masonry techniques.

Reinforcing the conceptual understanding by using an abstract method of analysis of mass structures.

Develop an understanding of structural system design Analysis of various RCC elements.

Level of Knowledge: - Basic

1. Masonry: Logic of Masonry Structure

2. Foundations: Different types of Foundations in Masonry.

1.RCC Materials: Basic Characteristics of Concrete & Reinforcing Steel Materials

2.Mechanics of Reinforced Concrete: Concept of Concrete as a material.

3.Introduction to Mix Design of Concrete

4.Lateral stability of retaining structures

1. Direct and bending stresses in members.

2. Determining the forces in rectangular or square sections subjected to combined stresses.

3. Concept of Kern zone

4. Determining the stresses in members subjected to combined stresse.

1. Introduction of surface system as membrane active and form active.

2. Understanding of domes, vaults or any shells as membrane structures versus tensile structures as form active systems.

1. RCC Materials: Basic Characteristics of Concrete & Reinforcing Steel

Materials

2. Mechanics of Reinforced Concrete: Concept of Concrete as a material.

3. Concept of long and short columns, slenderness ratio.

4. Determining the capacity of long and short columns.

5.Relevance of converting the long columns to short columns by altering the inertia or with bracings

T2. Schierle, G. (2008). Structure and Design. University Readers.

T3. Schodek, D., & Bechthold, M. (2013). Structures. Pearson; 7th Edition.

R2. Schodek, D., & Bechthold, M. (2013). Structures. Pearson; 7th Edition.

R3. Singer, F. (1975). Engineering Mechanics. Weatherhill: Harper & Row, 3rd Edition.

R4. Unnikrishnan Pillai and Devdas Menon, Reinforced Concrete Design, McGraw Hill, New Delhi

R5. Subramanian, Design of Concrete structures. Oxford university Press

Online Resources :
W1.The Engineering of Structures Around Us
https://www.edx.org/course/the-engineering-of-structures-around-us-2

Course objectives

● To introduce the cultural, economic, political and ecological circumstances around the craft of building masonry from a historical perspective.

● Engage with intensive architectural design thinking through documentation and design of masonry structures.

● An emphasis on climatic responsiveness that informs the design project.

● Focus on documentation, contextual analysis and design exercises that enhance critical thinking and representational skills.

● Studio on Wheels to expose students to masonry in architecture and its relationship to climate, material and the built environment.

● There should be an emphasis on selected case studies, with documentation of live case studies of masonry structures (e.g.: brick, stone, adobe, CSEB, rammed earth masonry and others) within a vital cultural context.

● Detailing of the masonry envelope demonstrating understanding of its main components from foundations to roof through a wall section, drawing of details, and an exploded isometric view are recommended. 65 47

● Document and interpret historical traditions that led to specific types of masonry architecture in selected contexts.

● The unit would emphasise learning tectonic details of designing masonry, through the designed project in unit 2

● Exercises to detail various design details to scaled drawings would be encouraged. 

● Portfolio development - To organise and review all work done in the semester. The portfolio would have drawings (process and finished drawings) from all units. 

● 2D (Cad/Revit advanced)3D modelling: (Trimble SketchUp or relevant 3D modelling) Converting 2D projects into 3D, Creating site contours in 3D, Creating 3D presentation models, Generating 3d Models and introduction to concepts of visualisation using rendering engines such as V-Ray/ Lumion. This Unit may be conducted parallel to the other units in this course. 

● Designing an architectural project with community/group functions such as community centre, public health centre, interpretation centre etc. The design should consider the context, climate and material considerations from the previous unit.

● Suggested typology for the major project: a small to medium size institutional building such as a school, kindergarten, Anganwadi, community centre, small size urban or rural health centre, interpretation centre, library, small museum or art gallery and similar. The major project could be less than and shall not exceed 1000 sqm or 50 users, according to program requirements.

● The minor project could be independent of the major project or could stem from it by illustrating in detail one of its components. 

T1. Ching, F. D. K. (2015). Architecture: Form, Space, & Order (Fourth edition.). New Jersey: John Wiley.

T2. Callender, J. (1997). Time-saver Standards for Architectural Design Data (7th Revised edition edition ed.). McGraw-Hill Inc., US. 49

R1. Rasmussen, S. E. (1962). Experiencing Architecture. The MIT Press Cambridge

R2. Auroville Consulting.(2017) Under the Banyan: Principles for Sustainable Habitats in the Tropics. Harper India.

R3. Pandya, Y. (2013). Concepts of Space in Traditional Indian Architecture, Grantha Corporation.

R4. Pfeifer, G., Ramcke. R., Achtziger, J., Zilch, K. (2001). Masonry Construction Manual. Birkhauser.

R5. Ching, F.D.K. (2012), A Visual Dictionary of Architecture, John Wiley.

R6. White, E.T. (1983). Site analysis: diagramming information for architectural design. Architectural Media.

R7. Baker, L. (1993). Mud. COSTFORD

R8. Baker, L. (1993). Brick Work. COSTFORD

R9. Biome Solutions (2021). Biome Diaries. Grafiprint.

Online Resources:

W1. Building with Earth, Auroville Earth Institute, www.earth-auroville.com.

W2. Development Alternatives, www.devalt.org

W3.  Minke, G. (2006). Building with Earth Design and Technology of a Sustainable Architecture. Birkhauser. Available online at: https://issuu.com/nikosdragom/docs/building_with_earth_design_and_tech

W4. Base Habitat Hybrid Summer School 2021 [Online]. Available: https://vimeo.com/user33634407

W5. Hunnarshaala.org [Online]. Available: http://www.hunnarshala.org/

W6. www.lauriebakercentre.org [Online]. Available: https://www.lauriebakercentre.org/

W7. www.costford.org [Online]. Available: http://costford.org/

W8. www.gramavidya.org[Online]. Available: http://www.gramavidya.org/home/branch/gvblr

W9. www.mahijaa.com[Online]. Available: http://www.mahijaa.com/about 

The assessment pattern comprises of two components; the Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA) and the End Semester Examination (ESE). The weightage of CIA marks and ESE marks has a ratio of 50:50.
CONTINUOUS INTERNAL ASSESSMENT (CIA): 50%
Continuous Internal Assessment for this course shall be conducted by the respective faculty in the form of different types of assignments. Students need to complete the assignments within the stipulated time for the award of marks. Attendance and participation in the studio would be considered in the evaluation rubrics. A minimum of 50% in the CIA is required to appear for the End Semester Examination (ESE) of a particular course.
Total CIA - 250 Marks 
END SEMESTER EXAMINATION (ESE): 50%
Eligibility to appear for ESE is a score of a minimum of 50% in the CIA.
This course shall have a Viva Voce evaluated by an external examiner and internal examiner of the portfolio presentation. 
Total ESE - 250 Marks 
PASS CRITERIA
A student shall pass the course only on a minimum aggregate score (CIA+ESE) of 45% and a minimum CIA Score of 50% and an ESE score of 40%.
A pass in the Architectural Design Studio [CIA+ESE] is mandatory to register for the subsequent Architectural Design studio

Course objectives

• To explore the diverse characteristics of masonry architecture in various materials. Examine the logic of form, construction and finish of masonry architecture in detail. Draw and document masonry construction details.
• Explore the relevance of construction details that influence architectural character.

Exploring and understanding the craft of masonry construction through Studio-On-Wheels.

Introducing the concept of masonry and materials such as brick, stone, mud etc. through experiential learning. 

Systems of material component: Brick and mud masonry terminologies; Types of masonry bonds, Skills of masonry construction.

Systems of building elements: Brick masonry walls, foundations, mortar type, plasters, buttresses, arches and lintels.

Systems in Architecture: Conceptual idea of brick masonry elements in different Architectural styles; the structural syntax of load-bearing construction in brick, Architectural detailing in brick masonry floor, wall, and roof finishes

Systems of material component: Stone masonry terminologies, types of stone masonry bonds, skills of masonry construction.

Systems of building elements: Types of stone masonry walls, foundations, mortar type, plasters, buttresses, arches and lintels.

Systems in Architecture: Conceptual idea of stone masonry elements in different architectural styles; the structural syntax of load-bearing construction in stone, architectural detailing in stone masonry 

Introduction to arches, vaults and domes in masonry and principles and methods of construction

A portfolio of manually/digitally drafted sheets, scaled models, material books or any other medium demonstrating the understanding of material, details and construction.

T2. Mckay, W. (2012). Building Construction. Pearson India.

T3. Chudley, R., &Greeno, R. (2005). Construction Technology. Prentice Hall, 4 edition.

T4. Emmitt, S., & Gorse, C. (2009). Barry's Introduction to Construction of Buildings. Wiley-Blackwell.

T5. Deshpande, R. (1963). A Text Book of Sanitary Engineering Vol I and II Combined. Poona, United Book Corporation.

T6. Birdi, G. (2010). Water supply and Sanitary Engineering. Dhanpat. Rai & Sons Publishers. 8th. Edition. 

R2. Frampton, K. (2001). Studies in Tectonic Culture. Cambridge.

R3. Francis Mallgrave, H. (2004). Style in the Technical and Tectonic Arts; Practical Aesthetics. Los Angeles.

R4. SP35 Handbook on Water Supply and Drainage (with Special Emphasis on Plumbing. (1996). Bureau of Indian Standards.

R5. Board, C. P. (2010). Green Book: Pollution Control Act, Rules and Notifications Issued. CPCB.

CONTINUOUS INTERNAL ASSESSMENT (CIA): 50%

• Continuous Internal Assessment for this course shall be conducted by the respective faculty in the form of different types of assignments. Students need to complete the assignments within the stipulated time for the award of marks.
• A minimum of 50% in the CIA is required to appear for the End Semester Examination (ESE) of the course
• Total CIA - 50 Marks

END SEMESTER EXAMINATION (ESE): 50%

• Eligibility to appear for ESE is a score of a minimum of 50% in the CIA.
• The course shall have a Viva Voce evaluated by an external examiner and internal examiner of the portfolio presentation.
• Total ESE - 50 Marks

PASS CRITERIA

• A student shall pass the course only on a minimum aggregate score (CIA+ESE) of 45% and a minimum CIA Score of 50% and an ESE score of 40%

Reinforce the conceptual understanding of frame structures using abstract methods of

analysis

To develop the ability to design and analyse structural systems in steel.

To be able to contemplate the effects of lateral forces in a structural system.

Introduction to Steel Structures, Steel Structural Shapes, Connections

Structural National Building Code: IS 800: Criteria & design to satisfy building codes and standards.

Introduction to determinate structure with examples

Analysis of determinate structures. 

Understanding of Indeterminate Structures

Analysis of Indeterminate structures (Moment Distribution Method

Introduction to lateral forces

Structural Systems to resist lateral forces-Moment Resisting Frames, Shear Wall and Bracings.

Introduction to Architectural and Planning Aspects in Seismic resistant design as per IS 1893:2016..

Introduction and suitability of structural systems under loading.

Factors affecting the choice of appropriate structural systems.

Analysis of Determinate frames.

Comparative study of three common materials - masonry, reinforced concrete and structural steel

Carrying capacity of three structural materials and different structural systems in these materials

Online Resources : W1. Design of steel structures (SWYAM) https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc20_ce37/preview W2. Structural System in Architecture (SWYAM) https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc20_ar10/preview 

Course objectives: This course explores appreciation of vernacular architecture; as an expression of local identity and indigenous traditions of the culture.

To induce the understanding of relevance of vernacular building practices. 

Introduction to vernacular architecture, history and organisation of vernacular buildings of different regions in the Indian context, forms, spatial planning, cultural aspects, symbolism, colour, art, materials of construction and construction techniques.

Study of factors that shape the architectural character and render the regional variations of vernacular architecture – geographic, climatic, social, economic, political and religious aspects, local materials and skills available in the region etc. Suggested: Rural villages & Houses of Bengal, Khasi community of Meghalaya Bodo Kachari tribe, Adi Gallong folk of Sian district, Arunachal and their settlement pattern, Naga house, Communities of Manipur. Banni Community and their Bhunga House from Rajasthan, Havelis & Castes. Tribes of Gujarat, Sociology and Planning of Rural Gujarat, Woodwork Details of Gujarat.

Study on vernacular architecture integrated through Studio-on-Wheels. Documentation of architectural aspects of the region and its link to the socio-culture and climatic conditions.

T2. Bary, D. & Ilay, C. (1998) Traditional Buildings of India, Thames & Hudson, ISBN-10 : 0500341613 T3. Richardson, V. (2001) New Vernacular Architecture; Laurance King Publishing.

CIA 1 and 3 for this course shall be conducted by the respective faculty in the form of different types of assignments. Students need to complete the assignments within the stipulated time for the award of marks.

CIA 2 for the course shall be conducted in the form of the Mid Semester Examination.

A minimum of 50% in the CIA is required to appear for the End Semester Examination (ESE) of the course

CIA -1- 10 Marks; CIA -2 - 15 Marks; CIA -3 - 20 Marks; Attendance- 05 Marks; Total - 50 Marks 

END SEMESTER EXAMINATION (ESE): 50%

Eligibility to appear for ESE is a score of a minimum of 50% in CIA.

The course shall have a written exam of three-hour duration.

Total ESE- 50 Marks 

PASS CRITERIA

Course objectives:

● To develop the ability to critically understand design as a response to the physical, cultural, and social contexts.

● To introduce a theoretical understanding of the logic and phenomenal aspects of design in the built environment. 

Universal design principles: Symmetry, proportion, hierarchy, balance, emphasis/focus, datum, Fibonacci series, Golden ratio etc. 

Elements of Architecture Design: Form Space and Order. Understanding design from the environment around and daily objects there by exploring the form, function, texture, material and organisation of spaces. 

Gestalt Theory, Design Thinking, Design cognition, Mental imagery and sketching.

Design Theory: Vitruvius, Alberti, Galilie, Walter Gropius & Bauhaus, Robert Venturi, Kenneth Frampton etc (Suggested). Alternate and future design theories. 

T2: Ching, F. D. (2014) Architecture: Form, Space, & Order. Fourth ed. s.l.:Wiley

R2: Dorst, K. (2006) Understanding Design (revised edition), BIS Publishers.

R3: Rudofsky, B. (1964) Architecture without Architects, Doubleday.

R4: Norman, D. A. (2013) The Design of Everyday things. New York: Basic Books

END SEMESTER EXAMINATION (ESE): 50%

Eligibility to appear for ESE is a score of a minimum of 50% in CIA.

PASS CRITERIA

● To promote the visual literacy level and prepare to appreciate the aesthetic components of art

● To analyse different art styles and practices in various cultural settings

How do you define art? Types of art.

Elements of Art. Art making & techniques. Art and its process of making – socio-cultural influences. Significance of the medium used.

Early civilizations, Renaissance to Rococo, Early modernism to futurism, Bauhaus, De stijil, Art Deco, Arts & Crafts and Art Nouveau.

Introduction to Indian art form, social & cultural diversities, Stylistic variations, traditional to modern approaches. Works of eminent artists.

Art as a medium of expressions, communication, symbolism & cultural identity. Relevant case studies.

T2: Belton, R. (2005) History of Art: From the Middles Ages, to Renaissance, Impressionism and Modern Art (Masterworks), Flame Tree Publishing.

R2: Slobodkin, L. (1974). Sculpture-Principle and Practice. Dover Publications Inc.

Course objectives:

• The students must familiarise themselves with a market study of relevant building materials and their applications.
• To develop a design program and brief through site analysis and relevant case studies.
• To engage in a rural outreach program through the design of an architectural design project by adopting an appropriate construction technology.
• Prepare execution drawings of an architectural project. The students must develop the skills required to conceive, develop and present their architectural ideas digitally.

NOTE:

• Suggested construction of the approved architectural design that is externally commissioned and funded as an outreach project.
• Suggested typology for the major project: a small to medium size institutional building with a focus on appropriate building technology.
• Suggested BUA for the major project could be less than and shall not exceed 1000 sqm with a maximum occupancy of 100 people.
• The minor project could be independent of the major project or could stem from it by illustrating in detail one of its components.

•  Studio on wheels to study appropriate local sustainable materials/buildings. The material selection and its benefits should be understood.
• Technical workshops for the skill development in alternate building technology and materials.

• Case study analysis to understand the tectonics of the adopted material in contemporary and traditional architecture.
• Documenting the site using appropriate drawings. Analysis of site and context, along with studying the climate, environmental and socio-cultural patterns to arrive at a design program and project brief.

• Development of the design proposal through conceptual ideas while incorporating the structural principles. The acquired skills of the adopted appropriate building technology must be applied.
• Exploration of concepts of modularity, sustainability and modelling of prototypes for its demonstration.

• Developing design presentation drawings for communicating the inserts using appropriate digital representation mediums. The student must use appropriate 3D visualisation and rendering mediums eg: Trimble SketchUp and Enscape/Lumion to convey and explain their project.
• Preparation of working drawings(WD): The drawings must be fit for execution on site. The student must learn appropriate WD terminologies and representation methods.
• Introduction to Desktop publishing tools — Eg: MS PowerPoint/google slides/canvas.

 Portfolio development - To organise and review all works done in the semester. The student must compile a comprehensive portfolio fit for publishing online. Wherever possible, connections with other courses in the current and previous semesters must be established.

T2. Callender, J. (1997). Time-saver Standards for Architectural Design Data (7th Revised edition ed.). McGraw-Hill Inc.,US.

T3. Gill, R. (1990). Rendering with Pen and Ink. Thames & Hudson Ltd

R2. Rapoport, A (1969). House Form and Culture. Prentice-Hall, Inc. Englewood Cliffs, NJ USA Pearson

R3. Clark, R. H., & Pause, M. (2012). Precedents in architecture: Analytic diagrams, formative ideas, and partis (4th ed.). Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons

R4. Carter, R. (2012). On and By Frank Lloyd Wright: A Primer of Architectural Principles. Phaidon Press.

R5. Curtis, W. (1994). Le Corbusier: Ideas and Forms. Phaidon Press; Revised edition.

R6. Mertins, D., & Lambert, P. (2014). Mies. New York: Phaidon.

R7. Damluji , S. S., & Bertini, V. (2018). Hassan Fathy: Earth & Utopia. Laurence King.

R8. Dethier, J. (2020). The Art of Earth Architecture: Past, Present, Future. Princeton Architectural Press.

R9.Weismann, A., & Bryce, K. (2006). Building with COB: A Step-by-Step Guide (Sustainable Building). UIT Cambridge Ltd.

R10. National Building Code of India. (1956).

R11. Dunkelber,K. (1985). IL 31 Bambus-Bamboo. Institute for Lightweight Structures, University of Stuttgart.

R12. Hidalgo, O (2003) Bamboo the gift of the Gods, O.Hidalgo-Lopez

R13. Von Vegesack, A. (2000) Grow your own house. Simon Velez and bamboo architecture, Thames and Hudson. 

Online Resources:

W1. Moris, J. (n.d.). Stirtingale. Retrieved 2021, from Butabu: https://www.jamesmorris.info/portfolio/butabu/

W2. Press, W. (n.d.). Earth Architecture. Retrieved from http://eartharchitecture.org/

W3. The Poetry of mud: A celebration of earthen architecture and sustainable building practices https://medium.com/@prashanth_ar/poetry-of-mud-86f4b758187d

W4. Circular Economy for a Sustainable Built Environment (TUDelft - edX) https://www.edx.org/course/circular-economy-for-a-sustainable-built-environ-2

W5. The age of sustainable development (Columbia University - Coursera) https://www.coursera.org/learn/sustainable-development/home/week/1

W6. Minke, G., 2021. Building With Earth Design And Technology Of A Sustainable Architecture By Gernot Minke Ebook3000. [online] Issuu. Available at: https://issuu.com/nikosdragom/docs/building_with_earth_design_and_tech

W7. Jaquin, Paul A., Analysis of historic rammed earth construction. Doctoral thesis, Durham University, 2008 [Online]. Available: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2169/

W8. Craterre.org [Online]. Available: http://craterre.org/?new_lang=en_GB

W9. Earth-auroville.com [Online]. Available: http://www.earth-auroville.com/

W10. Basehabitat.org [Online]. Available: https://www.basehabitat.org/

W11. Base Habitat Hybrid Summer School 2021 [Online]. Available: https://vimeo.com/user33634407

W12. Hunnarshaala.org [Online]. Available: http://www.hunnarshala.org/

W13. Secmol.org [Online]. Available: https://secmol.org/campus-life/short-courses/

W14. Whc.unesco.org [Online]. Available: https://whc.unesco.org/en/earthen-architecture/

W15. www.lauriebakercentre.org [Online]. Available: https://www.lauriebakercentre.org/

W16. www.costford.org [Online]. Available: http://costford.org/

W17. www.gramavidya.org[Online]. Available: http://www.gramavidya.org/home/branch/gvblr

W18. www.mahijaa.com[Online]. Available: http://www.mahijaa.com/about

W19. www.rleefarchitects.net[Online]. Available: http://rleefarchitects.net/

W20. Abari, Nepal/ [Online]. Available: http://abari.earth/

W21. Soil formation[Online]. Available: https://soilsmatter.wordpress.com/2013/08/29/soil-formation/

W22. Soil formation[Online]. Available: http://www.eniscuola.net/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/pdf_soil_2.pdf

W23. Soil Ecosystem services and natural capital [Online]. Available: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2016.00041/full

W24. FAO soils portal[Online]. Available: https://www.fao.org/soils-portal/en/

W25. Adobe in Ethiopia, documentary[Online]. Available: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8sAWBlIjqM

W26. Adobe towns, Djenne. Documentary[Online]. Available: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nO2FWMjckJo

• The assessment pattern comprises of two components; the Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA) and the End Semester Examination (ESE). The weightage of CIA marks and ESE marks has a ratio of 50:50.

CONTINUOUS INTERNAL ASSESSMENT (CIA): 50%

• Continuous Internal Assessment for this course shall be conducted by the respective faculty in the form of different types of assignments. Students need to complete the assignments within the stipulated time for the award of marks. Attendance and participation in the studio would be considered in the evaluation rubrics. A minimum of 50% in the CIA is required to appear for the End Semester Examination (ESE) of a particular course.
• Total CIA - 250 Marks

END SEMESTER EXAMINATION (ESE): 50%

• Eligibility to appear for ESE is a score of a minimum of 50% in the CIA.
• This course shall have a Viva Voce evaluated by an external examiner and internal examiner of the portfolio presentation. 
• Total ESE - 250 Marks

PASS CRITERIA

• A student shall pass the course only on a minimum aggregate score (CIA+ESE) of 45% and a minimum CIA Score of 50% and an ESE score of 40%.
• A pass in the Architectural Design Studio [CIA+ESE] is mandatory to register for the subsequent Architectural Design studio

·        To introduce the architectural expression of alternative constructional composition.

·        To familiarize students with market study of building materials and their applications. Explore the relevance of Alternate Materials & Techniques in influencing the architectural character.

·        Draw and document applicable Sustainable construction details.

·        Explore the relevance of RCC and Steel construction details in influencing the architectural character.

1.      Introduction to Appropriate Local Sustainable materials/Buildings,Choice/selection,benefitsetc.

2.      Familiarize with the building material bamboo and the Bamboo constructionmethods.

1.      Alternate roofing:JackArch,Madras terrace, and stone slabroof

2.      RCC filler slabs:Principles and methods of construction.Introduction todifferent filler materials, Mangalore tiles, Burnt Clay Bricks, Hollow Concreteblocks,StabilizedHollowMudblocks,Claypots, Coconutshellsetc.

3.      Introduction to Vaults and Domes– RCC

1.      Introduction to RCC Slabs:Principlesandmethodsofconstruction-one-way,two-way slabs, cantilever slabs, sloping RCC roof, one way continuous, andtwoways continuous.

2.     Introduction to Advanced RCC roofs:Principlesandmethodsofconstruction-Momentframe, FlatslabandFlat plate,Waffleslab.

3.      RCCStaircase: Principlesandmethodsofconstruction.

1.      Introducing Structural steel as a buildingmaterial

2.      Principles and methods involved in steel construction

3.      Steel Trusses (Light Gauge Steel)– Short Span, Long Span, North LightRoofs, aluminum sheet and profiled MS sheet cladding and roof fixingdetails. 

4.  Hot Rolled and Cold Rolled Steel application in Building Construction.

R2.  Frampton, K. (2001). Studies in Tectonic Culture. Cambridge

Online Resources:

W1. http://madeingreatlakes.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Appropriate-BuildingMaterials..pdf

W2. Building Materials and Composites from Swayam https://www.classcentral.com/course/swayam-building-materials-and-composites-19810 

          CONTINUOUS INTERNAL ASSESSMENT (CIA): 50%

Continuous Internal Assessment for this course  shall be conducted by the respective faculty in the form of different types of assignments. Students need to complete the assignments within the stipulated time for the award of marks.

A minimum of 50% in the CIA is required to appear for the End Semester Examination (ESE) of the course

Total CIA - 50 Marks

END SEMESTER EXAMINATION (ESE): 50%

          Eligibility to appear for ESE is a score of a minimum of 50% in the CIA.
          The course shall have a Viva Voce evaluated by an external examiner and internal examiner of the portfolio presentation.
          Total ESE - 50 Marks

          PASS CRITERIA

         A student shall pass the course only on a minimum aggregate score (CIA+ESE) of 45% and a minimum CIA Score of 50% and an ESE score of        40%

1. Master classes to enhance the knowledge of modernism & contemporary and its applications in architecture. 

2. Portfolio development - To organise and review all works done in the semester. To compile a comprehensive portfolio for the subject. Establish connections with other subjects where possible of student’s work in the  form of a portfolio and its effective compilation across courses and modules.

T2. Frampton K. (1992) Modern Architecture, Thames and Hudson, London, 

T3: Ching, F. D.K., Jarzombek M. & Prakash V. (1943) A global history of architecture. Hoboken, N.J. : J. Wiley & Sons, 1943. 

T4: Norberg-Schulz C. (1980) Genius Loci- Towards a Phenomenology of Architecture, Rizzoli International Publication, New York. ISBN: 0-8478-0287-6, 

T5: Ching, F. D. K. (1943) Architecture: Form Space and Order. United States of America: Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data. 

T6: Lang, Jon. (2002) A Concise History of Modern Architecture in India. Delhi: Permenant Black. 

T7: Scriver P. & Srivastava A. (2016) India: Modern Architectures in History, Reaktion Books. 

T8: Llyod, S. & Muller. H.W. (1986) History of World Architecture - Series. London: Faber and Faber Ltd. 

R2. Tadgell C. (1990) The History of Architecture in India, New Delhi: Penguin Books (India) Ltd.

R3. Robson D. & Powers R. (2014) Beyond Bawa: Modern Masterworks of Monsoon Asia, Thames and Hudson, ISBN-10 0500342385 

R4. Lefaivre L. & Tzonis, A. (2003) Critical Regionalism: Architecture and Identity in a Globalized World (Architecture in Focus), Prestel, ISBN-10 3791329723 

R5. Sharr A. (2018) Modern Architecture: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford University Press. 

R6. Conrads U. (1971) Programs and manifestoes on 20th -century architecture, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 2nd Edition. 

R7. Myers W. (2012) Bio Design: Nature, Science, Creativity. London : Thames & Hudson Ltd. 

R8. Charissa N Terranova C. N. & Tromble M. (2016) The Routledge Companion to Biology in Art and Architecture, Routledge. 

R9. Leland M Roth L. M. (1994) Understanding Architecture: Its elements, history and meaning; Craftsman House. 

R10. Andreas, V. Stierlin H. (1995) India, Architecture of the World Series, Benedikt Taschen Velag GmbH, ISBN 3-8228-9301-3 

W1. https://www.theartstory.org/

W2: Eames the architect and the painter 2011 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sRElKUXH4VU

W3: CLEAN LINES, OPEN SPACES A VIEW OF MID CENTURY MODERN ARCHITECTURE - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K_YZbp-MmEo

W4: Le Corbusier Documentary - The century of Le Corbusier COMPLETE!- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qMf97Lnxx3Q

W5: The Dessau Bauhaus - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IyhrMZBWLo&list=PLABA0239EA68C47B6

W6: Charles Correa Volume Zero - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uzK86VPXUs8

W7: Zaha Hadid - Who Dares Win - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lXvt5LQMK9M

W8: Laurie Baker - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9tT5W39FQbg

W9: Hassan Fathy - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r5QKLppxgbk

W10. Contemporary Architecture and Design (Swayam)https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc19_ar14/preview

Course Description: The course aims to integrate active and passive ventilation strategies and systems into the design thinking of the student in the architectural environment. It also leads the student to respond specifically to needs of acoustic levels and privacy for specific parts of the architectural programme[indoor and semi-outdoor spaces] and its adjoining landscape.

Course Objectives:

● To develop a logical understanding of indoor ventilation methods, systems, and standards, and the appropriate ways that we can achieve good ventilation through active and passive means for different types of spaces.

● To develop a logical understanding of indoor acoustic methods, systems and standards, and the appropriate ways that we can achieve the necessary acoustic levels and privacy for different types of spaces.

● To be able to analyze and perceive the consequences of incorporating a particular active ventilation system and acoustic techniques in the architectural design, including energy consumption, interior design, facade, space planning, and programming.

● To creatively integrate active ventilation systems and acoustic techniques in the ongoing design project for the semester.

1. Introduction to Active and Passive Ventilation methods and systems through case examples. Need for appropriate mechanical ventilation in different spaces like Basement, Kitchen, Toilet, Industrial facilities & Parking areas, etc. Guidelines as per NBC/ASHRAE and Types of ventilation systems.

2. Introduction to Air-conditioning: Definition, Psychometric requirements, Air & Refrigeration cycles, heating system, Load Calculations, Zoning and Air Distribution.

1. Air Conditioning systems: Window, Split, centralized air-conditioning system with Water & Air-Cooled Chillers, Air Handling Units, Evaporative cooling, Types of ducting design, preferred locations of the equipment.

2. Consequences of air conditioning systems to the architectural design of spaces in terms of energy consumption, interior design, facade, space planning, and programming, etc.

1. Introduction to the study of Acoustics: Nature of Sound, basic terminology, decibel scale, threshold of audibility and pain, masking, sound and distance.

2. Introduction to Room Acoustics: Reflection, Diffusion, Diffraction, reverberation, Absorption. Calculation of reverberation time using Sabine’s and Eyring's formula.

3. Room Acoustics defects, shapes and measurement techniques: Echoes, focusing of sound, dead spots, flutter echo. Room resonances, small enclosures, room modes, standing waves.

4. Rooms for speech and music: Effect of RT and SNR on speech and music, AI, STI, RASTI, Speech intelligibility. Sound reinforcement systems and background noise masking systems.

5. Acoustical Design recommendations: Halls for speech, music and other performances, Home theatres, recording studios, open plan offices, speech privacy issues and sound attenuation.

1. The appropriate ventilation, air conditioning or acoustic system is integrated into the ongoing design project of the semester [ARC551] through a method of drawing, analysis and crit. This can be run in coordination with the respective faculty.

2. Acoustical Materials and Corrections: Absorptive materials - NRC value, porous materials, panel absorbers, membrane absorbers, diffusers, cavity or Helmholtz resonators. Adjustable acoustics and variable sound absorbers. Acoustical correction and retrofits to existing spaces.

3. Design and Detailing for Acoustics of Multipurpose halls (Site visit and studio component): Case studies of acoustically designed and treated multipurpose halls. Design of a multipurpose hall for optimum acoustics - drawings and construction details of acoustical treatment.

4. Introduction to environmental noise control - Types of noise - indoor, outdoor noise, airborne and structure-borne noise, noise transmission, Mass Law, Transmission loss. Noise from ventilating systems.

5. Means of noise control in buildings - Maximum acceptable noise levels, Enclosures, Barriers, Sound insulation, STC ratings of Acoustical Materials, Sound Isolation. Noise measurement using SLM. Idea of sick building syndrome.

T2. Wang S.K. (1993) Handbook for Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration, McGraw-Hill, ISBN 0-07-068167-8

T3. Hoskins, J.A. & Jones, P. (2000), Mechanical Ventilation in Buildings, Karger Publishers, ISBN: 978-3-8055-7189-0

R2. Prasad M. (1989) Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Data Handbook, Wiley Eastern Ltd.

R3. Don Kundwar, D. Refrigeration, and Air Conditioning. 

Online Resources:

W1. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/124/105/124105004/

W2. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/112/105/112105129/

W3. Architectural Acoustics https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc21_ar06/preview

CONTINUOUS INTERNAL ASSESSMENT (CIA): 50%

• CIA 1 and 3 for this course shall be conducted by the respective faculty in the form of different types of assignments. Students need to complete the assignments within the stipulated time for the award of marks.
• CIA 2 for the course shall be conducted in the form of the Mid Semester Examination.
• A minimum of 50% in the CIA is required to appear for the End Semester Examination (ESE) of the course
• CIA -1- 10 Marks; CIA -2 - 15 Marks; CIA -3 - 20 Marks; Attendance- 05 Marks; Total - 50 Marks

END SEMESTER EXAMINATION (ESE): 50%

• Eligibility to appear for ESE is a score of a minimum of 50% in CIA.
• The course shall have a written exam of three-hour duration.
• Total ESE- 50 Marks

PASS CRITERIA

A student shall pass the course only on a minimum aggregate score (CIA+ESE) of 45% and a minimum CIA Score of 50% and an ESE score of 40%.

To introduce the fundamentals of landscape architecture, the art and science of site planning in Architectural Projects.

To understand the relevance landscape design and its connection to the human environment

To explore planning and design strategies with responding to the context and climatic conditions.

Level of Knowledge: - Intermediate

1. Introduction: Fundamentals of landscape architecture

2. Relation between landscape and architectural design

3. Theoretical and historical background of landscape design, site analysis, environmental issues, and plant materials

1. Landscape elements and classification; landform, plant life, microclimate; land use and land preservation.

2. Elements and methods of landscape design; study of aesthetic and functional values.

3. Soft and Hard scape design Elements

1. Site planning: The art of site planning, arranging structures on the land and shaping the spaces between.

2. The parameters affecting design strategies: The site, the user and the program; the techniques of surveys – field surveys, aerial photographs; sensing landscape and its materials – managing micro climate, noise and soil, plants and ground cover; services; earthwork and utilities, access to site, walkways, parking & driveways, connectivity within the site thru Hardscapes & Softscapes.

3. Ecological Impact of Landscape Design

4. Green Building Environment and Landscape

Portfolio development - To organise and review all works done in the semester. To compile a comprehensive portfolio for the subject. Establish connections with other subjects where possible

T2. Lynch, K. (1962), Site Planning , Cambridge: The MIT Press.

T3. McHarg I. (1978), Design with Nature . NY: John Wiley & Co.

T4. Booth, N. (2011), Foundations of Landscape Architecture: Integrating Form and Space Using the

Language of Site Design , John Wiley & Co.

T5. Simonds, J.O. (1961), Landscape Architecture: The Shaping of Man’s Natural Environment , NY:

McGraw Hill Book Co. Inc .

R2. Ashihara, Y. (1970). Exterior Design in Architecture . NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company.

R3. Burns, C., & Kahn, A. (2005). Site Matters: Design Concepts, Histories and Strategies . New York and London: Routledge.

CONTINUOUS INTERNAL ASSESSMENT (CIA): 50%

• CIA 1 and 3 for this course shall be conducted by the respective faculty in the form of different types of assignments. Students need to complete the assignments within the stipulated time for the award of marks.
• CIA 2 for the course shall be conducted in the form of the Mid Semester Examination.
• A minimum of 50% in the CIA is required to appear for the End Semester Examination (ESE) of the course
• CIA -1- 10 Marks; CIA -2 - 15 Marks; CIA -3 - 20 Marks; Attendance- 05 Marks; Total - 50 Marks 

END SEMESTER EXAMINATION (ESE): 50%

• Eligibility to appear for ESE is a score of a minimum of 50% in CIA.
• The course shall have a written exam of three-hour duration.
• Total ESE- 50 Marks

PASS CRITERIA

A student shall pass the course only on a minimum aggregate score (CIA+ESE) of 45% and a minimum CIA Score of 50% and an ESE score of 40%.

Course Description: The studio would primarily interpret the idea of an institution as an interplay of contextual factors, programmatic interpretations, and the architectural language at a range of scales. Contextual factors like site, surroundings, and landscape are introduced, along with the development of an architectural language that emerges from the integration of design details with larger concepts and architectural programme, with a total development of 3000 to 4000 sq. mts. (in a site area of about 3 acres). It also includes a preliminary introduction to fundamentals of working drawings as technical documents in the process of construction

Course Objectives: To integrate environmental characteristics and the principles of site planning and management in the process of developing an architectural programme and form. To engage in a process of sustainable re-development of abused landscapes in architectural education.

1. Selection of sites with specific landscape characteristics or environmental issues – contoured sites, abused landscapes like quarry, contested forest tracts within cities, declining water body/water structure; An in depth understanding of the landscape characteristics and its vagaries.

2. Site narratives: Explore and identify landscape elements, systems, processes or parameters that structure the site – both physical and experiential across scales; Evaluate and develop natural patterns of site structure.

3. Site walks, photo essays and both manual and advanced tools and soft wares may be used for site data collection, analysis and inferences. Workshops and lectures suggested for a holistic understanding and knowledge of current discourses on the subject. 

1. A critical review of the altering ideas of an institution.]

2. Selection of an appropriate or suitable campus premise for the context study.

3. Case visits and Literature review on Campuses; a structured analysis concluding with inferences. 4. 4. Evolve interrelationships of functions and activity patterns, form and space, hierarchies, architectural response to site and programmatic premise of the case

1. The design premise – an informed integration of program and specific site conditions for the design exploration, with a total development of 3000 to 4000 sq mts (in a site area of about 3 acres)

2. Nature of Projects: Centres for environmental education and research, Social welfare, empowerment, and research centres, Centre for alternative medicine and material research, Centre for liberal arts and science and Community outreach projects.

3. Process, Development and Demonstration of design through working models and drawings

1. Introduction to fundamentals of working drawings.

2. Development of a basic set of working drawings for any selected part.

3. Application of appropriate technology and large span structure in design.

4. Portfolio development.

T2. IS SP 7-NBC : National Building Code of India 2016, Bureau of Indian Standards 

R2. Dober, R.P,(1992) Campus Design, John Wiley & Sons

R3.Mathur, A., Da Cunha, D.,(2006) Deccan Traverses: The Making of Bangalore's Terrain, Rupa Publication

R4.Mathur, A.,(2009) Soak Mumbai in an Estuary, Rupa Publication

R5.Lobell, J., Kahn, L.,(2008)Between Silence and Light: Spirit in the Architecture of Louis I. Kahn, Shambala

R6.Neufert, E. (2019) Architects' Data, Wiley-Blackwell

R7. Crosbie, M., Watson, D. Time-Saver Standards for Architectural Design,Wiley-Blackwell 

CONTINUOUS INTERNAL ASSESSMENT (CIA): 50%
Continuous Internal Assessment for this course shall be conducted by the respective faculty in the form of different types of assignments. Students need to complete the assignments within the stipulated time for the award of marks. Attendance and participation in the studio would be considered in the evaluation rubrics. A minimum of 50% in the CIA is required to appear for the End Semester Examination (ESE) of a particular course.
Total CIA - 150 Marks
END SEMESTER EXAMINATION (ESE): 50%
Eligibility to appear for ESE is a score of a minimum of 50% in the CIA.
This course shall have a Viva Voce evaluated by an external examiner and internal examiner of the portfolio presentation. 
Total ESE - 150 Marks
PASS CRITERIA
A student shall pass the course only on a minimum aggregate score (CIA+ESE) of 45% and a minimum CIA Score of 50% and an ESE score of 40%.
A pass in the Architectural Design Studio [CIA+ESE] is mandatory to register for the subsequent Architectural Design studio

The course helps the students recognize the relationship between a particular building programme or function, its material culture, economics and its related form-structure. For a long span structure, certain materials are more appropriate. And certain techniques and technologies will enable them more easily. Some materials may make the project a bit more expensive. Conversely, some types of structure are more suitable to a particular material. But structure and material choice may also drive the form generation of the architectural design. For example, a brick roof structure can be a vaulted roof on a prayer hall, but such a form-structure deeply influences the scale and architectural character of the building. This understanding can lead to the discovery of appropriate form and structure for a particular design project based on aspirations and contextual issues.

Course objectives:

● To recognize the relationship between materials, form and structure in shaping architecture.

● To learn to analyse from architectural cases, the logic of form, structure and material and the related influence of these on its architectural character.

● To develop a logical and intuitive design thinking on the selection of structural form for a particular architectural programme and the consequences of such a choice on the architectural character